1. Grain boundaries in metal occur during crystallization, when two crystals meet it forms a boundary. This decreases conductivity, strength and durability of a metal that is formed. Decreased grain boundary size decreases the effects of this.
2. There are a variety of methods that can be used to decrease grain boundaries in crystal growth such as varying the temps used in manufacturing, the speed that it is cooled at and the concentrations of reactants used.
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